Antananarivo — often called Tana by locals — is the beating heart of Madagascar. Nestled among the rolling highlands of the island’s interior, this fascinating capital combines centuries of royal heritage, bustling markets, and a patchwork of red-tiled houses stretching across steep hills. Whether you’re drawn by history, culture, or nature, Antananarivo offers an authentic glimpse into Malagasy life — and it’s also the perfect starting point for exploring the island beyond.
A Brief History of Antananarivo
Antananarivo has been a centre of power and culture for over four centuries. The city was founded in the early 1600s by King Andrianjaka of the Merina people, who built his royal compound on one of the city’s twelve sacred hills. The name “Antananarivo” translates as “City of the Thousand,” said to commemorate the thousand warriors who guarded it.
By the late 18th century, under King Andrianampoinimerina, Antananarivo became the capital of a unified Malagasy kingdom. During the 19th century, the city expanded with the construction of palaces, royal tombs, and fortified gates that reflected both Malagasy traditions and European influences. When Madagascar became a French colony in 1895, Antananarivo retained its role as the political and administrative centre — and after independence in 1960, it officially became the national capital.
Today, Antananarivo remains a city of striking contrasts: old royal heritage blending with colonial architecture, traditional markets buzzing beside modern cafés, and timeless views over the highland rice terraces.
What to See and Do in Antananarivo
1. The Royal Hill and Rova Palace
Crowning the city’s skyline is the Rova of Antananarivo, the historic royal palace complex that once housed Madagascar’s monarchs. Carefully restored after a devastating fire, it’s one of the country’s most important cultural landmarks. Visitors can explore the palaces, royal tombs, and enjoy panoramic views of Tana’s red-tiled rooftops.
Nearby, the Andafiavaratra Palace showcases royal artefacts and period furniture, offering insight into the city’s regal past.
2. Explore the Markets and Local Life
Antananarivo’s markets are a feast for the senses. The Analakely Market is a labyrinth of stalls selling fruit, spices, clothes, and handmade goods. It’s the perfect place to experience local energy and discover Malagasy craftsmanship.
For high-quality souvenirs, head to the La Digue Craft Market, where you’ll find carved zebu horns, raffia bags, and traditional wood sculptures. Don’t forget to haggle — it’s part of the experience!
3. Museums and Gardens
Nature and history lovers will enjoy the Tsimbazaza Botanical and Zoological Park, a lush green space home to lemurs, reptiles, and endemic plants.
The Photography Museum of Madagascar is another highlight, presenting striking images of the city’s evolution through the decades. If you prefer outdoor relaxation, take a peaceful walk through the Jardin d’Andohalo, or unwind around Lake Anosy, framed by purple jacaranda trees in bloom between October and November.
4. Climb the Hills of the Haute-Ville
Antananarivo’s upper town (haute-ville) is best explored on foot. Its steep stairways and narrow lanes connect viewpoints, old churches, and colonial-era houses. Walking through districts like Ambohijatovo and Faravohitra reveals stunning views, lively street scenes, and the authentic charm that defines Tana.
Excursions and Day Trips from Antananarivo
Antananarivo is surrounded by beautiful countryside, nature reserves, and cultural sites — all reachable within a few hours. Here are the best day excursions to enjoy from the capital.
1. Lemurs’ Park (Half-Day Trip)
Just 22 km southwest of the city, Lemurs’ Park is a peaceful sanctuary where several species of lemurs roam freely among tropical gardens. It’s ideal for families or travellers short on time who still want a close encounter with Madagascar’s iconic primates. The park also features native plants and a small café for refreshments. A half-day visit is enough — you can combine it with lunch in town or a visit to nearby handicraft shops.
2. Ambohimanga – The Sacred Royal Hill (Half-Day Trip)
About 20 km northeast of Tana lies Ambohimanga, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Madagascar’s most sacred places. This ancient royal compound was once the residence of the Merina kings and remains a spiritual centre for the Malagasy people. The site includes stone gates, royal tombs, and traditional houses surrounded by rice terraces. It’s a must-visit for anyone interested in Malagasy history and spirituality.
Allow 3–4 hours for a guided visit, including the scenic drive through the highlands.
3. Croc Farm (Half-Day Trip Near the Airport)
If you’re flying into or out of Tana, the Croc Farm near Ivato Airport is a great stop. It’s home to crocodiles, lemurs, turtles, and chameleons in beautifully maintained enclosures. The on-site restaurant serves tasty Malagasy dishes, and the gardens make it a relaxing place to spend a few hours.
4. Peyrieras Exotic Reserve & Andasibe Rainforest (Full-Day Excursion – 5 AM to 8 PM)
For nature enthusiasts, the best full-day trip from Antananarivo combines two unforgettable stops: Peyrieras Madagascar Exotic Reserve and the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park.
Departure: 5 AM – It’s an early start, but the journey east along the RN2 highway offers beautiful views of highland villages and tropical valleys.
Your first stop is Peyrieras Reserve, about 75 km from the capital. This small sanctuary is famous for its incredible collection of chameleons, frogs, geckos, and butterflies. You’ll also spot a few lemurs up close, and guides provide interesting explanations about Madagascar’s endemic wildlife.
Continue another 2 hours to reach Andasibe, one of Madagascar’s most accessible rainforests. The park is home to the famous Indri indri, the largest living lemur species, whose haunting call echoes through the forest. You can also see other species like sifakas and bamboo lemurs, along with colourful orchids and lush tropical vegetation.
A typical itinerary includes a guided walk through Analamazaotra Reserve, lunch at a local lodge in Andasibe, and a short afternoon visit to a nearby community forest.
Return: around 8 PM, after a full day immersed in Madagascar’s nature and wildlife. It’s a long trip, but one of the most rewarding experiences near the capital — perfect for those who want to experience the island’s biodiversity without flying to distant regions.
Travel Tips for Visiting Antananarivo
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Altitude & Climate: The city sits 1,200 m above sea level. Days are warm and sunny, but evenings can be cool — bring a light jacket.
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Getting Around: Traffic can be heavy, so plan early departures for excursions. Reliable drivers or organized tours are recommended.
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Money: Credit cards aren’t accepted everywhere — carry local currency (Ariary) for markets and small shops.
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Safety: Be cautious with valuables and use reputable taxis, especially after dark.
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Etiquette: When visiting sacred sites like Ambohimanga, dress modestly and be respectful of local customs.
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Food & Drink: Try local dishes such as ravitoto (pork with cassava leaves) or romazava (beef stew with greens). Tap water is not recommended; bottled water is widely available.
Why Visit Antananarivo
Antananarivo is more than just a gateway to Madagascar — it’s a destination that reveals the island’s heart and history. From the grandeur of its royal palaces to the hum of its markets and the serenity of its hilltop views, the city offers a truly authentic experience.
Add to that the opportunity to explore wildlife sanctuaries, sacred hills, and the enchanting Andasibe rainforest all within a day’s reach, and you have the perfect blend of culture and nature.
Whether you’re here for two days or a week, Antananarivo will surprise you with its depth, diversity, and undeniable charm — a city that captures the spirit of Madagascar itself.
Tours that may be of interest...
Classic Madagascar
$1550
Electric Bike included
People of Madagascar
$950